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three middle school boys discussing a text they are reading in class

Reading 101 for English Language Learners

Get the basics on how to support the literacy achievement of your English language learners. You’ll find instructional strategies based on the five components of reading as well as oral language and the role of students’ home language.

Photo by Allison Shelley/The Verbatim Agency for EDUimages

diagram of phonemes for the word "sheep" with colored chips

Elkonin Boxes

Elkonin boxes are used to build phonological awareness skills by having children segment spoken words into their individual sounds (phonemes). To use Elkonin boxes, a child listens to a word and moves a token into a box for each sound or phoneme.

preschool teacher with two kids working on colors and shapes

Preschool Language and Literacy Practices

The What Works Clearinghouse reviewed the research on two practices used in center-based settings with 3- to 5-year-old preK children, as well as a number of specific curricula. Positive results are shown for (1) Phonological awareness training and (2) Interactive and dialogic reading.

Straight Talk About Reading

Straight Talk About Reading

Early experiences with sounds and letters help children learn to read. This article makes recommendations for teaching phonemic awareness, sound-spelling correspondences, and decoding, and includes activities for parents to support children’s development of these skills.

kindergarten teacher helping students make the sounds in words

Teaching Alphabetics to Kids Who Struggle

This article describes two processes that are essential to teaching beginning reading to students with learning disabilities: phonological awareness and word recognition, and provides tips for teaching these processes to students.
Elementary boy in yellow plaid shirt taking a test

Phonological Awareness Assessment

An informal assessment phonological awareness, including what the assessment measures, when is should be assessed, examples of questions, and the age or grade at which the assessment should be mastered.
elementary teacher in lively conversation with students who have hands raised

Findings of the National Reading Panel

According to research, some instructional methods for teaching reading are more effective than others. Find out what the National Reading Panel’s review of the research revealed about best practices in reading instruction.

Young girl in striped short reading a book next to a cat

Ten Myths About Learning to Read

There are many beliefs and a great deal of dogma associated with reading acquisition, and people are often reluctant to let go of their beliefs despite contradictory research evidence. Here are 10 of the most popular and most potentially pernicious myths that influence reading education.
Structured Literacy Instruction: The Basics

Structured Literacy Instruction: The Basics

Structured Literacy prepares students to decode words in an explicit and systematic manner. This approach not only helps students with dyslexia, but there is substantial evidence that it is effective for all readers. Get the basics on the six elements of Structured Literacy and how each element is taught.

Blending Sounds in Syllables with Autumn, Kindergartner

Blending Sounds in Syllables with Autumn, Kindergartner

This episode focuses on phonological awareness. Reading expert Linda Farrell helps kindergartener Autumn learn to blend two parts of a syllable (onset and rime). Watch how Ms. Farrell gives Autumn explicit practice with onset and rime — a core phonological awareness skill that helps kids recognize and blend sound chunks within syllables. This is an essential step toward developing phonemic awareness. Phonemic awareness, a vital pre-reading skill, is being able to blend, segment, and manipulate the sounds in words.

elementary teacher working one-on-one with female student

Effective Reading Instruction for Students with Dyslexia

Learn the basics about Structured Literacy and how it helps children to decode words in an explicit and systematic manner. This approach not only helps students with dyslexia, but there is substantial evidence that it is more effective for all readers. 

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