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Effective Reading Instruction

Phonemic Awareness

Hear, identify, and manipulate sounds of spoken words

Phoneme

Isolation

• Recognizes individual sounds in words

• Identity

  Recognizes word with odd sound in a set of words

• Categorization

  Recognizes word with odd sound in a set of words

• Blending

  Combines sequence of sounds into a single word

• Segmentation

  Breaks a word into separate

Phonics

Know relationship between letters of written language and sounds of spoken language

Explicit and Systematic Instruction

• Identify useful series of sounds.
• Teach them in a logical sequence.
• Apply sounds to reading and writing.

Fluency

Read text accurately and quickly

Bridge between word recognition and comprehension

• Provide models of fluent reading.
• Provide repeated and monitored oral reading.

  Increase practice through audiotapes, peer guidance, tutors, *use of technology

• Provide a variety of short text passages at student's independent reading level.

Vocabulary

Words used to communicate effectively or use/recognize in print

Indirect instruction

• Students engage in oral language, listen to adults read to them, and read extensively on their own.

Direct instruction

• Teach individual words and word learning strategies.

  Teach use of dictionaries, glossaries,thesauruses, how to use word parts, and context clues.

Comprehension

Understand what is read

Comprehension strategies

• Teach students to be aware of what they do and do not understand, & the fix-up strategies.
• Use graphic and semantic organizers.
• Use text explicit/implicit and scriptal questions.
• Teach students to ask their own questions.
• Teach story structure.
• Use summarizing.

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